Culture and Communication Essay -- Literature Analysis, Edward Hall

Culture and Communication Introduction In The Silent Language, Edward Hall’s (1959) seminal examination of non-verbal communication, it is ambiguous asserted that â€Å"culture is communication and communication is culture,† (217). Though this statement is obviously lacks for broad explanatory power, Hall nevertheless aptly articulates the crucial roles that culture plays in communication research. From its role in theories of communication to its treatment as a both the independent and the dependent variable in experimental studies, culture shapes the nature of what communication researchers, and speaks to the very heart of what communication is. This literature review will first briefly mention the historical origins of culture in communication research, and identify what has become the primary area of quantitative communication research into culture: intercultural communication. Next, we will examine the definition of culture that intercultural communication researchers have adopted. Last, we will explo re how this definition is applied through an exploration of the variables, levels of analysis, and other salient dimensions of communication. History & Motivation Even before Hall’s pithy equation of communication with culture, the earliest Communication scholars had identified the importance of culture in matters of communication. As Delia (1985) noted, Chicago sociologists were actively concerned with understanding how the flood of immigrants entering American cities at the turn of the century would integrate within this new society. In these earliest studies, communication was seen as a way to shape a culture that would allow immigrants to feel more American, with a unified culture acting as a mechanism for mitigati... ... individualism-collectivism refers to the degree to which a culture emphasizes the goals of an individual compared to the goals of the collective. (e.g. citations from Gudykunst p 40). Low-high uncertainty avoidance indicates shows the degree to which a culture tends towards consensus, and how much it is tolerant of deviant behavior. Power distance varies according to "the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally," (Hofstede & Bond, 1984, p419). Last, masculinity-femininity refer to the amount that cultural systems "emphasize differentiated sex roles, performance, ambition, and independence," (Gudykunst & Ting-Tully, 1988, p. 48). Unlike work on acculturation, this work is generally cross-sectional, using surveys to determine the dimensions of acculturation at particular points in time.

Lesson Plan for English

SEMI DETAILED LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH I. Objectives 1. Point out author’s purpose. 2. Note specific details to support the main idea. 3. Relate the author with the selection 4. Differentiate an essay from a poem. II. SUBJECT MATTER â€Å"I AM A FILIPINO† (p. 56-58) -by: Carlos P. Romulo â€Å"BALLAD OF A MOTHER’S HEART† –poem Reference: Better English for Philippine High Schools Strategies: Reading, Lecture, classroom discussion III. PROCEDURE †¢MOTIVATION: 1. Ask students how proud they are of being Filipinos. 2. Let them ponder about the advantages/benefits of being a Filipino and its disadvantages/demerits. †¢LESSON PROPER . Relate a story of the Filipinos who have been proud of themselves. 2. Facilitate students in reading the essay by Carlos P. Romulo and the poem, â€Å"Ballad of a Mother’s Heart. † 3. Explain the ballad at the same time engaging oral recitation from the students. 4. Discuss the essay extracting partici pation from the students via individual recitation. 5. Facilitate on the pronunciation drills. IV. EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT Differentiate an essay from a poem (1/2 crosswise) V. ASSIGNMENT Read: â€Å"An Ambitious Guest† -by Nathaniel Hawthorne LESSON PLAN I. Objectives 1. Listen to different viewpoints attentively. . Take note of important information from listening texts. 3. Apply all the listening techniques and steps. II. SUBJECT MATTER â€Å"Listening to different viewpoints† Reference: Textbook on English Expressway on page 249-250 Method: Classroom discussion, lecture, listening activity III. PROCEDURE †¢MOTIVATION How important is listening in communication? †¢LESSON PROPER 1. Discuss the fact that listening is very vital in communication. It is as important as speaking. 2. Have the student realize that varied viewpoints can be elicited from one topic depending on the kind of listener the is. 3.Explain to students the importance of listening to different viewpoints that it can help enhance their personal abilities to know how others feel regarding a topic. 4. Provide them the steps in listening and have them pay attention to a listening text you are going to read. IV. EVALUATION Answer questions in after you listen p. 250 (Answers may vary) V. ASSIGNMENT To prepare students for the next lesson instruct them to read the selection â€Å"Breakthrough in Science on page 257 of the textbook for next meetings’ topic. LESSON PLAN I. Objectives The following expected from the students after the lesson: 1.Comprehend and answer questions asked from a pie graph. 2. Relate information shown by a pie graph 3. Construct a pie graph of their own. II. SUBJECT MATTER -Pie graph Reference: English Expressway 2 Textbook on p. 134-135 Method: Brief lecture, question and answer III. PROCEDURE ?Have the students pass their related assignments on a pie graph †¢MOTIVATION Elaborate as a class on the Classic Chinese saying â€Å" A picture is worth a thousand words† †¢LESSON PROPER 1. Start by asking students what they know about graphs, its meaning and its kinds then out of the thing they said, formulate a definition for graph. 2.Present them a sample pie graph and explain the breakdown of iemts in it. 3. Ask question from the graph and elicit class participation through recitation. 4. Draw pie graphs randomly from students assignments and ask the student concerned some questions regarding his/her work. IV. ASSESSMENT Group work ?Create a pie graph of a budget proposal incorporating the six items listed on activity 2 on p. 135 of the textbook. V. ASSIGNMENT ?Remind the group to select a leader to discuss their own work the following day and all the members of the group to be prepared for a question and answer from their classmates regarding their work.LESSON PLAN I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to: 1. Differentiate a friendly letter from a business letter. 2. Know the diffe rent kinds of letters. 3. Identify the parts of a friendly letter. 4. Punctuate a friendly letter properly. 5. Write a friendly/business letter correctly. II. SUBJECT MATTER Writing letters (parts/kinds) Reference: better English foe Philippine High Schools Third Edition (p. 124-128) by Josephine Serrano Method: lecture, discussion, question and answer III. PROCEDURE †¢MOTIVATIONFacilitate a discussion on how texting is affecting our communication on writing letters. †¢LESSON PROPER 1. Lecture on letters, its kinds, meanings and parts 2. Point out by reading the things to remember in letter writing and the use of proper punctuations. 3. Present examples of a properly constructed friendly and business letter. IV. ASSESSMENT Let students construct a friendly letter of their own choice in a one-whole sheet of paper. V. ASSIGNMENT Write a business letter on a short bond paper to be passed the following meeting. Lesson Plan for English SEMI DETAILED LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH I. Objectives 1. Point out author’s purpose. 2. Note specific details to support the main idea. 3. Relate the author with the selection 4. Differentiate an essay from a poem. II. SUBJECT MATTER â€Å"I AM A FILIPINO† (p. 56-58) -by: Carlos P. Romulo â€Å"BALLAD OF A MOTHER’S HEART† –poem Reference: Better English for Philippine High Schools Strategies: Reading, Lecture, classroom discussion III. PROCEDURE †¢MOTIVATION: 1. Ask students how proud they are of being Filipinos. 2. Let them ponder about the advantages/benefits of being a Filipino and its disadvantages/demerits. †¢LESSON PROPER . Relate a story of the Filipinos who have been proud of themselves. 2. Facilitate students in reading the essay by Carlos P. Romulo and the poem, â€Å"Ballad of a Mother’s Heart. † 3. Explain the ballad at the same time engaging oral recitation from the students. 4. Discuss the essay extracting partici pation from the students via individual recitation. 5. Facilitate on the pronunciation drills. IV. EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT Differentiate an essay from a poem (1/2 crosswise) V. ASSIGNMENT Read: â€Å"An Ambitious Guest† -by Nathaniel Hawthorne LESSON PLAN I. Objectives 1. Listen to different viewpoints attentively. . Take note of important information from listening texts. 3. Apply all the listening techniques and steps. II. SUBJECT MATTER â€Å"Listening to different viewpoints† Reference: Textbook on English Expressway on page 249-250 Method: Classroom discussion, lecture, listening activity III. PROCEDURE †¢MOTIVATION How important is listening in communication? †¢LESSON PROPER 1. Discuss the fact that listening is very vital in communication. It is as important as speaking. 2. Have the student realize that varied viewpoints can be elicited from one topic depending on the kind of listener the is. 3.Explain to students the importance of listening to different viewpoints that it can help enhance their personal abilities to know how others feel regarding a topic. 4. Provide them the steps in listening and have them pay attention to a listening text you are going to read. IV. EVALUATION Answer questions in after you listen p. 250 (Answers may vary) V. ASSIGNMENT To prepare students for the next lesson instruct them to read the selection â€Å"Breakthrough in Science on page 257 of the textbook for next meetings’ topic. LESSON PLAN I. Objectives The following expected from the students after the lesson: 1.Comprehend and answer questions asked from a pie graph. 2. Relate information shown by a pie graph 3. Construct a pie graph of their own. II. SUBJECT MATTER -Pie graph Reference: English Expressway 2 Textbook on p. 134-135 Method: Brief lecture, question and answer III. PROCEDURE ?Have the students pass their related assignments on a pie graph †¢MOTIVATION Elaborate as a class on the Classic Chinese saying â€Å" A picture is worth a thousand words† †¢LESSON PROPER 1. Start by asking students what they know about graphs, its meaning and its kinds then out of the thing they said, formulate a definition for graph. 2.Present them a sample pie graph and explain the breakdown of iemts in it. 3. Ask question from the graph and elicit class participation through recitation. 4. Draw pie graphs randomly from students assignments and ask the student concerned some questions regarding his/her work. IV. ASSESSMENT Group work ?Create a pie graph of a budget proposal incorporating the six items listed on activity 2 on p. 135 of the textbook. V. ASSIGNMENT ?Remind the group to select a leader to discuss their own work the following day and all the members of the group to be prepared for a question and answer from their classmates regarding their work.LESSON PLAN I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to: 1. Differentiate a friendly letter from a business letter. 2. Know the diffe rent kinds of letters. 3. Identify the parts of a friendly letter. 4. Punctuate a friendly letter properly. 5. Write a friendly/business letter correctly. II. SUBJECT MATTER Writing letters (parts/kinds) Reference: better English foe Philippine High Schools Third Edition (p. 124-128) by Josephine Serrano Method: lecture, discussion, question and answer III. PROCEDURE †¢MOTIVATIONFacilitate a discussion on how texting is affecting our communication on writing letters. †¢LESSON PROPER 1. Lecture on letters, its kinds, meanings and parts 2. Point out by reading the things to remember in letter writing and the use of proper punctuations. 3. Present examples of a properly constructed friendly and business letter. IV. ASSESSMENT Let students construct a friendly letter of their own choice in a one-whole sheet of paper. V. ASSIGNMENT Write a business letter on a short bond paper to be passed the following meeting.

Steroids to enhance the users ability - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 426 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Steroids Essay Did you like this example? Steroids are a drug used to enhance a steroid users ability to perform a task, such as sports, lifting, or any physical activity. Steroids are a human made but some time from an animal or plants so they are natural. Steroids started back in the 1820s when they were tested on cockroaches. They are taken orally, injections and patches. The History of Steroids, in 1849 a scientist named Berthold did an experiment on cockroaches to test the development of male sexual characteristics. Then later in 1929 they were tested on Bulls testicles. A couple years later they tested during World War two there was evidence of Nazis giving malnourished soldiers Steroids. It wasnt until 1954 till they found athletes using anabolic Steroids during the Olympics; it was not until 1975 when the Olympic committee banned Steroid use. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Steroids to enhance the users ability" essay for you Create order Steroids have a lot of common nicknames Steroid users call them, common nicknames include, Gym Candy, Pumpers, Roids, Stackers, Juice. Steroids can do a lot for the body. The Steroid user will experience rapid muscle growth and decrease in body fat. If the user has swelling the swelling will decrease while taking Steroids. The user will experience enhanced performance in any sport related activity. While taking Steroids for a short amount of time the user will have an increase in acne, mood swings, trouble sleeping, Decrease in sperm count and appetite. Over a long period of time Steroid use the user can experience liver disease and malfunctions in the heart, kidneys, and liver. People take steroids so they can have sport advantages, they want an increase in muscle mass, or they want to lose weight. Users can take the drug orally, injection through a needle, cream, gel, and patches. The user will notice effects of Steroids twelve to fourteen hours after taking the drug. After a couple of days, the drug will be at its peak, but sometime it will take a few months for the drug to kick in before the user notices any effects. Steroids are mostly a human made drug but can be found in some plant and animal cells. Steroids are used to enhance the users ability to perform in any physical task. The first known use of steroids was in the 1820s on cockroaches to test male sexual characteristics. The user can take the drug orally, injections, gel, or patches. This drug may seem good at first because the user looks bigger in muscle mass and leaner but the user will experience a lot of problems if they choose to take Steroids for a longer period pf time.